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Expanded Preoperative Evaluation

  • Randomized Clinical Trials
  • Nonrandomized Studies

Study/Patient Characteristics Expanded Preoperative Evaluation

Published

April 1, 2025

Randomized Clinical Trials

Table 1. Study and patient characteristics — randomized clinical trials.

Characteristic
[9 trials]
Mean Med (Range)
or N (%)
Patients enrolled

234 201 (122 - 397)

Arms, N (%)
    2

9 (100.0)

Pilot study, N (%)

0 (0.0)

Ambulatory, N (%)

0 (0.0)

Centers, N (%)
    1

7 (77.8)

    2

1 (11.1)

    3

1 (11.1)

Country, N (%)
    Norway

3 (33.3)

    China

1 (11.1)

    Netherlands

1 (11.1)

    Spain

1 (11.1)

    Taiwan

1 (11.1)

    UK

1 (11.1)

    USA

1 (11.1)

Low resource country, N (%)

2 (22.2)

Funding, N (%)
    Public

8 (88.9)

    Not reported

1 (11.1)

Author conflict of interest, N (%)

1 (11.1)

Registered, N (%)

4 (44.4)


Surgery
N = 9
Procedure(s), N (%)
    Ortho 6 (67)
    Cardiac|Vasc 1 (11)
    GI/Abdominal 1 (11)
    Variousa 1 (11)
a If reported as various/mixed or included more than 4 types of procedures.
Characteristic Na Mean Med (Range)
or N (%)
Age (mean/med) 9

79.9 79.0 (75.5 - 84.5)

BMI (mean/med) 2

24.9 (24.4 - 25.5)

Female (%) 9

65.1 71.0 (24.0 - 81.5)

ASA Physical Status, N (%) 1
    1234

1 (100)

White (%) 1

90.5

Black (%) 0
Asian (%) 2

both 100

Lives Independently (%) 3

76.1 83.7 (60.2 - 84.5)

Lives Dependent (%) 1

16.3

Preop MMSE (mean/med) 1

26.5

Cognitive Impairment (%) 6

16.4 10.6 (0.0 - 49.2)

Diabetes (%) 4

19.8 20.9 (12.9 - 24.4)

Cardiac (%) 5

37.9 37.2 (22.8 - 49.7)

Malnourished (%) 1

29.3

a N of the 9 studies reporting characteristic allowing description.

Nonrandomized Studies

Table 2. Characteristics of nonrandomized studies.

Characteristic
[22 studies]
Mean Med (Range)
or N (%)
Patients enrolled

690 254 (62 - 9,153)

Design, N (%)
    Before-After/Time Series

18 (81.8)

    Retrospective Cohort

2 (9.1)

    Nonrandomized Trial

1 (4.5)

    Prospective Cohort

1 (4.5)

Arms, N (%)
    2

21 (95.5)

    4

1 (4.5)

Pilot study, N (%)

2 (9.1)

Ambulatory, N (%)

0 (0.0)

Centers, N (%)
    1

21 (95.5)

    2

1 (4.5)

Country, N (%)
    USA

7 (31.8)

    Netherlands

5 (22.7)

    Italy

2 (9.1)

    Sweden

2 (9.1)

    UK

2 (9.1)

    Belgium

1 (4.5)

    France

1 (4.5)

    Spain

1 (4.5)

    Switzerland

1 (4.5)

Low resource country, N (%)

0 (0.0)

Funding, N (%)
    Public

10 (45.5)

    None

6 (27.3)

    Not reported

6 (27.3)

Author conflict of interest, N (%)

3 (13.6)

Registered, N (%)

1 (4.5)


Surgery
N = 22
Procedure(s), N (%)
    Ortho 6 (27)
    GI/Abdominal 5 (23)
    Variousa 4 (18)
    Cardiac 2 (9.1)
    GI/Abdominal|General|Hepatic 1 (4.5)
    Gyn|General|Ortho 1 (4.5)
    Gyn|GI/Abdominal 1 (4.5)
    Neuro 1 (4.5)
    Urol 1 (4.5)
a If reported as various/mixed or included more than 4 types of procedures.
Characteristic Na Mean Med (Range)
or N (%)
Age (mean/med) 20

75.5 76.4 (60.3 - 81.9)

BMI (mean/med) 6

26.6 26.3 (25.7 - 28.5)

Female (%) 19

46.5 47.5 (1.0 - 100.0)

ASA Physical Status, N (%) 8
    123

3 (37.5)

    1234

4 (50.0)

    234

1 (12.5)

White (%) 3

84.4 79.8 (76.7 - 96.8)

Black (%) 2

10.6 (1.3 - 20.0)

Asian (%) 1

0

Lives Independently (%) 5

65.8 80.3 (32.2 - 94.7)

Lives Dependent (%) 4

21.6 14.6 (5.3 - 51.8)

Preop MMSE (mean/med) 3

20.6 27.0 (7.3 - 27.6)

Cognitive Impairment (%) 5

11.6 11.0 (0.0 - 20.3)

Diabetes (%) 7

19.4 17.1 (12.6 - 29.6)

Cardiac (%) 9

16.4 8.1 (0.4 - 65.0)

Malnourished (%) 2

11.6 (1.0 - 22.3)

a N of the 22 studies reporting characteristic allowing description.